Safe Sex Essays - Sexual Health, HIVAIDS, Sexual Acts, Fertility

Safe Sex Numerous speculations and much examination has been led on contraception all in all, what's more, more as of late on condoms specifically, because of the AIDS scourge (Lear, 1995). Condom use and AIDS instruction are fundamental devices for lessening the effect of the infection, yet less than 33% of explicitly dynamic school understudies report reliable condom use (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). It appears that explicitly dynamic people seldom talk about more secure sex or get some information about their accomplice's sexual action before taking part in sexual action (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). This brings up certain issues with regards to the root of the evasion of more secure sex conversation. It has been discovered that the relational responses of sexual accomplices, instead of the less immediate considerations of AIDS chance, impact mentalities towards condoms and condom utilization (Casteneda and Collins, 1995). These individual collaborations among accomplices in a sexual relationship are an outcome of mentalities each accomplice conveys about sex, contraception and a sexual relationship itself. Mentalities can be determined by methods for individual recognition assessments, which present the practices of an objective individual (e.g., presenting a condom) and classify the social implications forced on the entertainer inside the circumstance (Castenada and Collins, 1995). So as to precisely assess the social implications inside a sexual relationship utilizing an individual recognition worldview, the worldview itself, just as the correspondence designs about the relationship and condom use must be evaluated. Individual Perception Paradigm and This Study The adequacy of the individual discernment worldview for precisely gathering the social implications inferred by specific activities has been demonstrated in past research (Collins and Brief, 1995). It has been determined that target subject's practices inside a vignette are the establishment for impressions the members structure about the social implications of activities. Collins and Brief have proceeded to contend that the vignette strategy is better ready to gather the social implications got from activities than inquiries questions, on the grounds that frequently impressions that are framed about another's activities are not cognizant mentality developments. Conduct translation frequently happen through programmed and natural implies (Collins, 1997; address). While most exploration legitimately asks members what they think, individual recognition examines an increasingly unpretentious methods for picking up the members responses. The current investigation utilized an individual observation test to assess the perspectives of members about ladies in a sexual relationship when she either proposed a condom, or said nothing regarding contraception, while communicating either concern or saying nothing regarding her enthusiastic state. There were four various potential kinds of circumstances that the male onlookers could have been given: the concerned female who didn't propose a condom, the concerned female who stated, I have a condom with me, the female who said nothing what's more, didn't propose a condom, and the female who said nothing regarding her enthusiastic state, yet said she had a condom with her. These females were at that point assessed by male onlookers on different parts of her apparent character. Guys appraised the females on such things as, in the event that they were dynamic or latent, if they were wanton or not, and so on. No other examination has tended to a sexual circumstance where ladies talk about their sentiments and present a condom in an individual observation worldview. It will be fascinating to perceive how the male members survey the circumstance. This examination utilized six unique scales contained isolated things so as to precisely evaluate the discernments the male onlookers held about the female targets. The scales were a Sexual engaging quality scale, which decided how explicitly appealing the lady was, a Responsibility scale, which decided the degree to which the lady was capable, a Takes Charge scale, which surveyed the male onlooker's thoughts regarding how dynamic the ladies in the circumstances were and two different scales which surveyed how Nice and Exciting the lady was. It is guessed that there will be high relationships between's the separate things inside every one of these scales, which demonstrates that the things will be estimating comparable properties. Be that as it may, there will be low relationships between's any two scales and between any things and a different scale, which will show that the scales were estimating various traits. Past Research on the Person Discernment Paradigm Past examination has discovered that individuals do make decisions based on the prophylactic decisions that target people pick and the conditions they have settled on the decisions under, concerning fetus removal choices (Allgeier, Allgeier and Rywick, 1979: as refered to in McKinney et al., 1987). It has likewise been found that prophylactic conduct is assessed contrastingly by an outside eyewitness that is presented to a vignette delineating a sexual circumstance including issues of contraception, and individual perspectives Safe Sex Essays - Sexual Health, HIVAIDS, Sexual Acts, Fertility Safe Sex Numerous hypotheses and much examination has been led on contraception all in all, what's more, more as of late on condoms specifically, because of the AIDS plague (Lear, 1995). Condom utilization and AIDS training are fundamental apparatuses for diminishing the effect of the ailment, yet less than 33% of explicitly dynamic school understudies report steady condom use (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). It appears that explicitly dynamic people once in a while talk about more secure sex or get some information about their accomplice's sexual movement before taking part in sexual action (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). This brings up certain issues with respect to the cause of the shirking of more secure sex conversation. It has been discovered that the relational responses of sexual accomplices, as opposed to the less immediate considerations of AIDS hazard, impact perspectives towards condoms and condom use (Casteneda and Collins, 1995). These individual cooperations among accomplices in a sexual relationship are an outcome of mentalities each accomplice conveys about sex, contraception and a sexual relationship itself. Mentalities can be found out by methods for individual observation assessments, which present the practices of an objective individual (e.g., presenting a condom) and order the social implications forced on the entertainer inside the circumstance (Castenada and Collins, 1995). So as to precisely assess the social implications inside a sexual relationship utilizing an individual recognition worldview, the worldview itself, just as the correspondence designs about the relationship and condom use must be surveyed. Individual Perception Paradigm and This Study The adequacy of the individual recognition worldview for precisely gathering the social implications inferred by specific activities has been demonstrated in past research (Collins and Brief, 1995). It has been determined that target subject's practices inside a vignette are the establishment for impressions the members structure about the social implications of activities. Collins and Brief have proceeded to contend that the vignette system is better ready to gather the social implications got from activities than inquiries questions, in light of the fact that regularly impressions that are shaped about another's activities are not cognizant demeanor arrangements. Conduct understanding frequently happen through programmed and natural implies (Collins, 1997; address). While most examination straightforwardly asks members what they think, individual observation considers an increasingly unobtrusive methods for picking up the members responses. The current investigation utilized an individual discernment test to assess the perspectives of members about ladies in a sexual relationship when she either proposed a condom, or said nothing regarding contraception, while communicating either concern or saying nothing regarding her passionate state. There were four various potential kinds of circumstances that the male onlookers could have been given: the concerned female who didn't propose a condom, the concerned female who stated, I have a condom with me, the female who said nothing also, didn't propose a condom, and the female who said nothing regarding her passionate state, yet said she had a condom with her. These females were at that point assessed by male spectators on different parts of her apparent character. Guys evaluated the females on such things as, in the event that they were dynamic or inactive, if they were indiscriminate or not, and so on. No other exploration has tended to a sexual circumstance where ladies talk about their emotions and present a condom in an individual discernment worldview. It will be fascinating to perceive how the male members evaluate the circumstance. This investigation utilized six distinct scales contained independent things so as to precisely evaluate the observations the male onlookers held about the female targets. The scales were a Sexual engaging quality scale, which decided how explicitly appealing the lady was, a Responsibility scale, which decided the degree to which the lady was capable, a Takes Charge scale, which evaluated the male spectator's thoughts regarding how dynamic the ladies in the circumstances were and two different scales which surveyed how Nice and Exciting the lady was. It is guessed that there will be high relationships between's the separate things inside every one of these scales, which demonstrates that the things will be estimating comparative properties. Be that as it may, there will be low relationships between's any two scales and between any things and a different scale, which will show that the scales were estimating various characteristics. Past Research on the Person Discernment Paradigm Past exploration has discovered that individuals do make decisions based on the prophylactic decisions that target people pick and the conditions they have settled on the decisions under, concerning fetus removal choices (Allgeier, Allgeier and Rywick, 1979: as refered to in McKinney et al., 1987). It has likewise been found that prophylactic conduct is assessed distinctively by an outside onlooker that is presented to a vignette delineating a sexual

Kant and Shakespeare

List of chapters Introduction Bolingbroke And Mowbray’s Banishment Unjust Acquirement Of Land Other Offenses By King Richard II Misuse Of Power And Freedom By King Henry IV Conclusion Works Cited Introduction According to Immanuel Kant, man is a sort of creature requiring an ace in an offer to remain in harmony and amicability with others. Kant likewise attests that it is standard for man to mishandle his opportunity by encroaching on the privileges of others. Along these lines, Kant clarifies that man should consistently have an ace to watch and guide his actions.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Kant and Shakespeare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Kant likewise recognizes that the most troublesome issue to humanity is to locate the most elevated ace who is simply without anyone else (Kant 1). This is on the grounds that such a high situation with no oversight will undoubtedly prompt the maltreatment of opportunity by the ace . Kant presents this contention in his â€Å"Sixth Thesis.† Shakespeare completely concurs with the estimations set forward by Kant. This paper will demonstrate how Shakespeare remains in concurrence with Kant by refering to models from Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of King Richard the Second. Shakespeare agrees with Kant in every single initiative issue contended upon. While Shakespeare presents the instance of a realm which is under the standard of egocentric pioneers, Kant unmistakably expresses the insignificant likelihood of ever finding a general chief who is simply and one who plays out his obligations in an attractive way without essentially being administered. Shakespeare’s perspective on human instinct and political reality goes inseparably with Kant’s estimations. Initially, this is appeared through Shakespeare’s introduction of King Richard who is driven by his own ulterior thought processes as opposed to putting the premiums of his subject s on a fundamental level. Ruler Richard goes past the standards to satisfy his own childish wants. Bolingbroke And Mowbray’s Banishment The main egotistical activity of King Richard is seen when he exiles Henry Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray from England. Despite the fact that he legitimizes his activity for the sake of controlling judgment to the two Dukes, clearly the ruler does this to conceal his political advantages. Lord Richard II fears being ousted by the Bolingbroke and Mowbray. Banishing them from his realm in this manner turns into a decent technique for disposing of them. The activity by the lord in this manner maintains the standard that man is guided by his childish driving forces and will undoubtedly fall into allurements that lead to his maltreatment of intensity. As per Immanuel Kant, it is hard to locate a general head who doesn't mishandle his opportunity to get at his own aspirations. Shakespeare shows his endorsement of the above articulation by introduci ng this case. It is in this manner significant for man to be directed so as to confine his journey to manhandle his opportunity. Crooked Acquirement Of Land Shakespeare shows another instance of maltreatment of opportunity by King Richard II when he wrongfully obtains the land and property of John of Gaunt after his passing (Shakespeare 143). The ruler exploits the way that nobody would address him for such a shamefulness since he is the senior most in authority.Advertising Looking for paper on reasoning? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He hence misuses the opportunity and force presented unto him by the individuals to his benefit. This is a similar case that Immanuel Kant talks about in his theory. Subsequently, Shakespeare assents with Kant to the extent the human instinct and political the truth are concerned. The two of them maintain the standard that a law ought to be set up to constrain the opportunity of forces gave to man as he will undoubtedly abuse them so as to fulfill his political journey. Different Offenses By King Richard II Apart from the above cases featuring the maltreatment of influence and opportunity by King Richard, the lord additionally submits a progression of offenses against his own kin. Most importantly, he is blameworthy of utilizing England’s cash on pointless uses, for example, subsidizing the war against Ireland. Such assets ought to have been equipped towards the advancement of the realm. The ruler additionally burdens ordinary people who are not in a situation to cover charge. This is additionally an instance of maltreatment of intensity and opportunity. In conclusion, King Richard II forces tremendous fines on the nobles whose progenitors had carried out wrongdoings against the realm. This is a grave foul play in light of the fact that the nobles are made to pay for the violations that they didn't submit. These instances of maltreatment of influence by King Richar d II likewise demonstrate that Shakespeare concurs with Kant’s perspective on human instinct and political reality. Abuse Of Power And Freedom By King Henry IV King Henry IV likewise abuses his influence and opportunity after he effectively ousts King Richard II. His first instance of maltreatment of influence is the point at which he executes all the individuals who had been faithful to King Richard II. These individuals incorporate Bushy, Green and the Earl of Wiltshire. It is imagined that subsequent to seeing all the treacheries submitted by King Richard II, King Henry IV would supplant him as an ethical pioneer. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation. Lord Henry only continues with a similar maltreatment of intensity and opportunity executed by his ancestor. The comparability between King Henry IV’s initiative and King Richard II’s administration likewise brings up to the way that it is hard to track down a pioneer who won't misuse his opportunity and authority without any management. Accordingly, Shakespeare completely concurs with Kant on this issue. End It can be construed from the above conversation that Shakespeare agrees with Immanuel Kant’s perspective on human instinct and political reality. The two of them concur that finding a pioneer who can play out their obligations in an appropriate manner and without the maltreatment of power is outlandish. The instances of maltreatment of influence by King Richard II and King Henry IV loan trustworthiness to the point that Shakespeare’s sees on this issue are like Kant’s sees. Works Cited Kant, Immanuel. Thought for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View. Trans. Lewis White Beck. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1963. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Kant and Shakespeare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shakespeare, William. Richard II, ed. by Andrew Gurr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print. This article on Kant and Shakespeare was composed and put together by client Aubrianna Mccarthy to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Building your Financial Life Spring Cleaning your Finances - OppLoans

Building your Financial Life Spring Cleaning your Finances - OppLoans Building your Financial Life: Spring Cleaning your Finances Building your Financial Life: Spring Cleaning your FinancesOppLoans Monthly Budget GuideIt’s as sure a sign of spring as Opening Dayâ€"with the first warm days of the year comes the urge to deep clean every nook and cranny of your home. But once you’ve washed the windows and KonMari-ed your closet, it’s time to turn your attention to a frequently overlooked spring cleaning projectâ€"the annual maintenance of your finances.Some cleaning tasks come with built-in reminders: If your kitchen floor crunches when you walk across the room, it’s time to vacuum. But too often, our most important money decisions are running on default settings. Life gets in the way, and the careful choices that you made a few years ago are left to gather dust.Whether your tax documents are still sitting in a pile on your desk, or you haven’t reviewed your retirement plan since Pluto was still a planet, have no fear. We will walk you through the seven key steps of a successful financial cleanup, from g etting paperwork under control to checking in on the most important aspects of your financial life.Spring Cleaning Task #1: Purge PaperworkAs Coach Taylor said on Friday Night Lights, “clear eyes, clear organizational systems, can’t lose” (or something like that).The first step to eliminating paper clutter is having less of it, to begin with. Save some trees and streamline your own personal environment by going paperless. Consider these common candidates for switching to paperless statements:Bank statements: Be sure you can access bank records for the last three years, in case of a tax audit.Pay stubs: Many employers utilize an online portal where you can access past pay stubs and W-2 forms.Utilities and city services: In addition to gas and electric utilities, many cities offer paperless billing for water/sewer bills and property taxes. While you’re on your city’s website, be sure to sign up for email alerts. Among the benefits of being an informed citizen, many municipal ities offer annual cleanup services such as yard waste pickup and bulk item disposal that can save you money on your other spring cleaning projects.Mortgage statementsInvestment and retirement accountsCredit card statementsNow that you have stemmed the influx of paper, it’s time to organize your existing paperwork. Below are general guidelines around which common financial records you should keep, and which ones are safe to toss.Tax returnsThe IRS recommends saving tax returns and any supporting documents for three years. If extenuating circumstances applyâ€"for example, if you failed to file a return or underreported incomeâ€"the IRS provides guidance here. Make sure to keep digital or paper copies of any associated W-2 and 1099 forms for as long as you keep the return itself.Medical billsKeep copies of paid medical bills for one year, or three years if you itemized medical expenses on your tax returns.ReceiptsFeel free to toss the receipt for the pack of gum you bought at the co nvenience store. Otherwise, plan to hold on to receipts for three months. For major purchases, keep your receipt for up to a year in case you need to make a return or use a warranty. You should also save receipts for anything you plan to itemize on your tax return.InsuranceKeep the paperwork for any active insurance policy; expired policies can be shredded.Mortgage and homeWhen you buy a home, you will need to save original copies of the closing statement and deed for as long as you own the property, and to retain documentation of a paid-off mortgage forever. In addition, consider keeping records of any major home improvement projects or purchases for your own reference or for future owners, particularly if those purchases include a warranty.AutomobileKeep your automobile title for as long as you own the vehicle, as well as records of any paid off car loans.Some documents, however, are with you for life, such as those involving major life events.Personal identityPlan to retain forev er any birth certificates, adoption certificates, passports (current and expired) for yourself and your family, as well as any marriage certificates or divorce decrees.Estate planningKeep fully executed original and digital copies of all estate planning documents, such as wills, revocable living trusts, medical directives, financial power of attorney designations, and any other instruments you have in place.Digital keysTo ensure security and accessibility, using a password management tool is a best practice for creating and storing your digital passwords, particularly for services providers who hold sensitive and personally identifying information. Write down a copy of your master password and store it with your important documents.You’ve done the hard work of paring down your financial paperwork to only the essentialsâ€"don’t stop now! For under $50, you can purchase a fire- and water-proof file safe for your home to secure and organize your most critical documents.Any paperwor k that you no longer need should be destroyed, especially if it contains any personal information (i.e. pretty much everything). If you don’t own a shredder, cities, libraries, or financial services providers often host shredding days, where you can bring in documents to be disposed of in bulk. Office supply stores will also shred sensitive documents for a fee. You can purchase inexpensive shredding scissors to help keep a handle on incoming paper.Spring Cleaning Task #2: Get Ready for Retirement‘Set it and forget it is a great strategy for Crock-Pot meal prep; less so for retirement. Your annual financial cleanup is the perfect time to reevaluate your retirement planning. Ask yourself some critical questions: Have you had a significant change in income since you last looked at your retirement funds? Have your retirement plans changed? What does your timeline look like, and do you need to move to more or less aggressive investments? Are you setting aside enough money to meet you r retirement goals?While you are reassessing your overall retirement picture, use this opportunity to take care of any housekeeping items. If you have funds sitting in an old 401(k), or a pool of money sitting in a savings account earmarked for retirement, now is the perfect time to move it to an IRA or another retirement account.Spring Cleaning Task #3: Do a Credit CheckWhile you’re checking off items on your spring cleaning list, don’t forget to also check your credit report for errors or suspicious activity. You are entitled to access a free annual credit report from each credit reporting bureau. If you have children, you can also check their credit, and may consider freezing their credit until they are of an age to use it to reduce the risk of fraud.Spring Cleaning Task #4: Update InsuranceLife moves quickly, and a lot can happen in a year. A crucial step in your financial cleanup is making sure that your insurance coverage still meets your needs.Are you tackling spring clea ning in your very first apartment? Make sure that you are covered with renter’s insurance. A newlywed or new parent? Now is the time to consider life insurance, or reevaluate your existing policy to make sure you have sufficient coverage. In addition, take a look at all of your current insurance policies to make sure that the correct beneficiaries are listed, and update if necessary.If you own your home, this is also the perfect time to review your homeowner’s insurance. Take an inventory of your assets and update your policy accordingly. For further protection, you can also take a video inventory of your home and upload it to cloud storage. The better your records of the contents of your home, the more likely you will be able to recoup your property in the event of a loss.Spring Cleaning Task #5: Make an Estate PlanNo one likes to talk about worst-case scenarios, but it is important to prepare for things you hope will never occur. Let this be your annual reminder to ensure that you and your family are protected.If you have already created your estate plan, think through any major life changes that have taken place since you last updated them. Marriage, divorce, or the birth of a child are common scenarios, but some other triggers that are not always considered include acquiring significant new assets such as property or an inheritance or moving to a new state.Spring Cleaning Task #6: Hunt for BargainsYou’re on a spring cleaning roll, so keep up the momentum! Invest some time in online research, make a few phone calls, and you can likely save yourself some cash going forward. When was the last time you shopped for services like car insurance or a cell phone plan? Maybe you’re ready to cut the cable cord and switch to streaming. Or save money on interest by refinancing your student loans, or negotiating a better interest rate with your credit card company. There are lots of options out there, and doing the legwork now means savings later.Spring Cleaning Task #7: Revisit your BudgetAs you read in our introductory budget guide, a budget is a living document that should be periodically reevaluated to make sure it still reflects your financial priorities. As you work your way through spring cleaning your finances, revisit your budget, paying particular attention to your big picture goals. Make any adjustments needed to accommodate the changes you made throughout this process.In truth, an annual review of your finances doesn’t necessarily have to be a spring cleaning task but can take place at any time of the year. What is critical is regularly checking in on your overall financial landscapeâ€"making informed decisions about where your money goes and ensuring every dollar is hard at work in helping you reach your goals.Do you have a question about budgeting? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  Instagram

A Brief Note On The Canadian And Philippine Social Work...

Social Work in Canada and The Philippines Despite geographically on different corners of the world, there remains a lot of similarities between the Canadian and Philippine social work practice. In both jurisdictions, social work is a recognized profession. In the Philippines, Republic Act 4373 laid the basis for professionalization social work. The organized social work practice in the Philippines was introduced during the American rule (1898-1946) to gradually extend public coordination of welfare services. (Aspalter, 2014). In Canada, although there is no law creating the profession, the Canadian Association of Social Workers was established to establish standards of social work practice. Each province established its own Colleges to govern the practice of social work on the local level. The first recognition of social workers in the Philippines came after its liberation from the United States when the Philippine Association of Social Workers was organized (Almanzor, 1966; Yu, 2006 as cited in Aspalter, 2014). Through thei r influence further, social welfare gradually transitions towards professionalization to emphasize the need to coordinate welfare services. Landa Jocano (1980: 63 as cited in Aspalter, 2014). In both territories, a governing body supervises the practice. In both jurisdictions, practice theories are based on Western origin and orientation. Though Canada has pioneered some intellectual contributions in social work academia, Philippines education, andShow MoreRelatedMy Phone Thesis16066 Words   |  65 Pagesin the retail industry for more than 50 years. Among Solid Group’s biggest projects to date is the introduction of My|Phone, the very first dual active SIM mobile phone. My|Phone is the first and leading Filipino mobile phone manufacturer in the Philippines and developing better phones at much affordable prices. A proposal for the Global Marketing plan for My|Phone has been made. In the most recent statistics available from the ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Dat abase in 2009, Anguilla garneredRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesto get tougher with companies in terms of oversight and accountability. The advent of social networking and other media has transformed the way citizens interact and how businesses market, promote, and distribute their products globally. The same can be said for mass collaboration efforts occurring through digital, online technology for the development of new and innovative systems, products, and ideas. 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The Lack of Separation of Church and State is an Attack on...

Let us take alarm at this first experiment on our (religious) liberties (Maddox 3). Former president James Madisons words still ring through American ears as a nation is alarmed by the governments attack on Americas religious ideals Like James Madison, the first Europeans to settle the United States came with a dream of religious freedom. After being social pariahs in their native countries, these settlers held their religious choice sacred. They left their homes, families, and lives behind to seek freedom from religious constraints put on them by their native government. They risked their lives to come to a land where government would stay out of their spiritual lives. Today, hundreds of years later, our nation has yet to make this†¦show more content†¦The first Congress of the United States, therefore, called for certain amendments to the Constitution; these amendments became the Bill of Rights (Religion in the United States). The First Amendment in the Bill of Rights (ratified December 15, 1791) specifically dealt with the separation of church and state. It states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof#8230;(United States Constitution, First Amendment). Since the educational system became a part of the government, it too was inclined to be religiously impartial. This was no easy task as religion was still the most prominent part of culture. When the First Amendment was adopted, most of the original thirteen colonies had official established churches. With the power of the government behind them, these denominations often persecuted the members of various minority religions. Due to the actions of the established churches many people came to believe strongly in disestablishment. Since the First Amendment was often used in application to the established churches the First Amendment became synonymous with the Establishment Clause (School Pr ayer). The dispute between the minority and the established religious groups raged on in everyday life but the court settled the argument in the schoolhouse. In 1971, the trial Lemon v Kurtzman established a test to see what elements of government violate the Establishment Clause. TheShow MoreRelated A Guard on Religious Freedom Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesfathers, few things seemed as important as the separation of church and state. The first amendment grants all Americans the freedom to subscribe to any religion they wish and promises that the government will not promote any religion above any other. 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The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries - 1

Essays on The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries Essay IMF: Buira (22) de that IMF has played a significant role in helping providing financial assistance to poor countries, that experience higher levels of debts, and which face financial and economic instabilities. However, the aid under consideration comes with fresh and extended loans that the country borrowing the money has to meet certain stringent conditions, and pay back the loan. This paper analyzes the role of the IMF in providing financial assistance to poor countries, and why IMF does so. This paper further analyzes the conditions that a country has to meet, for purposes of being eligible for a loan, and the ethical foundations of IMF that it uses to help debt ridden countries. This paper further analyzes whether these loans are helpful to the development of poor countries, and whether there are any undisclosed policies relating to the activities of IMF. This paper has a conclusion, which is a summary of the major points indentified in it. One of the major reasons as to why th e IMF helps poor and debt ridden countries is to help in promoting monetary cooperation amongst the countries operating in the world. In providing assistance to debt ridden countries, IMF aims at establishing a multi-lateral trade system, in the world. IMF hopes that through its funds, it will manage to remove all controls and restrictions on foreign exchange that is imposed by the country under consideration. Furthermore, IMF hopes to provide short term financial assistance to these countries, for purposes of helping them to fight poverty, increase employment, and promote a balanced growth of international trade. The conditions established for being eligible for these loans is referred to as structural adjustment policies. Under these policies, the IMF required countries seeking for loans to liberalize their economies, for purposes of promoting free trade. It is important to understand that the structural adjustment policies began in the 1980s, at this time; most of the third world countries did not have a liberal economy ((Truman, 19). Most of their economies were characterized by a heavy regulation of the government, in almost all the sectors of their economy. The argument by IMF is that a liberal economy would attract foreign investments, and this is useful for the developing countries (Fratianni, 46). This is because foreign investors would provide revenue for the country in terms of taxes, as well as they would reduce levels of unemployment in the country. On this basis, these nations would have sources of revenue that would help them in financing their budgets. Another condition attached to these policies was democratization of the countries under consideration. IMF insisted on democracy, and this is because chances are high that a democratic institution would manage to have institutions that promote good governance. For instance, a democratic institution would have a free and independent judiciary, as well as legislature, which have the capability of providing checks and balances to the activities of the executive (Fratianni, 41). On this basis, chances are high that corruption will be minimized, and money that they lend to the poor countries would be correctly used. Another condition that these states had to meet was the privatization of state owned enterprises. The aim of this requirement was to increase efficiency in the provision of the services that were provided by the state. This was based on the argument that when these services are provided by the private sector, there will be innovation which is an aspect that is useful in increasing the quality of the service as well as the efficiency in the provision of the service under consideration. Another argument is that through privatization, states will have a decreased spending, and hence they will have the capability of using their money in meeting their budget deficits (Truman, 29). Other condition was the enactment of austerity policies. These policies required governments to reduce their spending, and this included in areas such as employment, education, and other social programs. These programs were aimed at helping the borrowing country to achieve a balanced budget. It is important to understand that IMF also has some ethical considerations in using debts, for purposes of helping poor countries that are heavily in-debted (Fratianni, 27). IMF believes that by issuing debts to these countries, they may use the money under consideration for development purposes, which as a result will spur the growth of these countries, enabling them to fight poverty, and improve the welfare of their people. IMF believes that through debts, the institution would be able to recover their money; as a result, the institution would have money to lend to other needy and poor countries. However, it is important to denote that the loans provided by IMF are not useful to debt ridden countries (Truman, 33). This is because of the negative effects associated with the structural adjustments policies. These policies ensure that debt ridden countries are able to cut spending on some crucial areas of the economy, which includes education, health, employment, and even agriculture. This as a result increases poverty, and not development as envisioned by the IMF (Buira, 31). The enactment of structural adjustment policies also allow the entry of multi-national corporations, which are accused of exploiting workers, as well as destroying the environment. Furthermore, these loans advanced only promote the interests of the wealthy states, which provide the major bulk of the loan. These states are France, US A, Britain, Japan, and Germany. IMF further promotes the development of an export-import economy, by insisting that third world countries should give tax breaks, as an incentive to international trade. This is detrimental to the economies of these nations, mainly because they won’t be able to collect enough revenue to facilitate their budget deficits. This therefore leads scholars to believe that IMF and its policy formulators normally have undisclosed agenda regarding the enactment of certain policies. This is also based on the fact that IMF is a very secretive organization, and this is because it only works with a group of selected bankers and finance secretaries who initiate policies without an input from other departments such agriculture, health, etc. IMF has also constantly refused calls to make it accountable for its actions and policies. In conclusion, IMF is an institution that does not serve the interests of developing countries, and poor countries. This is because the institution has been unable to make poor countries, despite advancing them loans. The main reason for this failure is the stringent conditions set up by IMF to the developing countries, which on most occasions are not beneficial to their economies. The austerity policies, privatization, and liberalization of their economies are some of the policies that have made developing countries to be unable to achieve development. Works Cited: Buira, Ariel. Challenges to the World Bank and IMF developing country perspectives. London: Anthem Press, 2003. Print. Buira, Ariel. Reforming the governance of the IMF and the World Bank. Chicago: Anthem Press, 2005. Print. Fratianni, Michele. Sustaining global growth and development G7 and IMF governance. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2003. Print. Truman, Edwin M.. Reforming the IMF for the 21st century. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 2006. Print.

Project Management Business Project Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Project Management for Business Project Stakeholders. Answer: Comment on the peer According to the Wysocki (2014), there are generally there are seven kind of stakeholders in any project, which are sponsors, customers, project managers, business analysts, business process engineers, resource managers and clients. An efficient communication with all this stakeholders is considered as one of the key factors in the success of the projects. As an example it can said that, the stakeholders like resources managers have a high influence in the project but has a minimum interest in the outcome of the project are must be listed as and involved in the project as a significant source of risk (Mller Turner, 2010). Therefore, analysing the importance of such stakeholders and involving them in the different stages can ensure the best results after the completion of the project. The stakeholders have three different perspectives that they use to measure the success of the project. It is important for the project manager to meet the expectation of the different stakeholders of a particular project. These are tactic, strategic and operational perspectives (Fleischmann Stary, 2012). Thus it can be assumed that, if project manager communicates with all the stakeholders with different perspectives to agree on the certain factors that are important for the success of the project, it will ensure the successful completion of the project. In addition to that, it will ensure the active participation and high quality product or service as the end result of the project. Thus by engaging the different stakeholders in the project and developing a sound communication plan for those stakeholders can be very helpful for the successful completion of the projects. References Fleischmann, A., Stary, C. (2012). Whom to talk to? A stakeholder perspective on business process development.Universal Access in the Information Society,11(2), 125-150. Mller, R., Turner, R. (2010). Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 437-448. Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (5th ed.). Newtown Square, Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute. Wysocki, R. K. (2011).Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme. John Wiley Sons.